Definitions

Kayak

A kayak is a narrow, lightweight vessel designed for use on waterways. It is an enclosed vessel, tapered at both ends and propelled using paddles. Kayaks are built for control and efficiency, making them well suited to a range of conditions when operated within their limits.

Canoe

A canoe is an open, streamlined vessel designed for use on calm or flowing waterways. Canoes are tapered at both ends and are propelled using paddles. Unlike kayaks, they are characterised by an open design that allows paddlers to sit or kneel inside the vessel, often making them ideal for carrying multiple passengers or gear when when operated safely.

Staying safe

Kayaking and canoeing require constant awareness and good decision-making. Conditions can change quickly, and staying in control means understanding your vessel, knowing your limits, and preparing for the environment you’re operating in. The right equipment, skills, and planning help paddlers stay confident and capable on the water.

See what staying in control on the water looks like.

Top safety tips for kayaks:

Make sure your kayak is fit for purpose

Make sure your vessel is suitable for your experience level, and the conditions. Know the specifications and limitations of your kayak, and only use it according to the manufacturer directions. Make sure it has hand toggles, bulkheads, a pump, compass/map, spare paddle, deck lines and a firm-fitting spray skirt.

Lifejacket

You must wear a lifejacket when paddling crafts such as a kayak, canoe, surf ski, raft, or rowboat. You should also carry a reliable way to remove water from your vessel, particularly when paddling offshore or in colder conditions.

Offshore paddling kit

An essential offshore kit includes reliable ways to call for help (such as a mobile phone in a waterproof pouch, VHF marine radio, or personal locator beacon), a first-aid kit with appropriate skills, drinking water and food, warm clothing stored in a dry bag, and a repair kit suited to your vessel and trip.

Capsize prevention

Ensure you’re capable of strong paddle control and balance through support and bracing strokes. If you capsize, stay with your vessel. Learn and practise recovery techniques such as paddle-float rescues, re-entry methods, or rolling, depending on your vessel and conditions. For best self-rescue, learn the Eskimo roll.

Assisted rescue

Carry a 15-metre tow rope and understand when it should – and should not – be used. Learn and practise essential rescue techniques so you’re prepared to help others or accept assistance when needed.

Fitness

Fitness plays a key role in safe paddling. Changing conditions may require extra effort to return safely, so plan conservatively and keep energy reserves. Build experience gradually and match trips to your fitness, skill level, and the conditions on the day.

Exemptions

In November 2024, Safe Transport Victoria clarified that some types of canoes and kayaks that are exempt from licensing and registration, provided they meet the following requirements:

  • The motor must be electric and have no more than 40 lbs thrust (750 watts).
  • The vessel cannot travel faster than 5 knots.
  • The vessel must be designed to taper at both ends and must not include a fixed or removable transom

You can view the Government Gazette which features the exemption notice here.